Analysis

The following techniques are being used throughout the lesson to facilitate storage in to and retrieval from long-term memory.

**__Spaced practice and repetition__** Students learn how to create, enter data into, and add function to a spreadsheet at the beginning of the lesson. They will use this knowledge throughout the lesson each time they are asked to create a new spreadsheet. The review and practice throughout the lesson will help students store the new knowledge in their long term memory.

**__Over-learning__** With the repetition and practice occurring over several weeks over-learning should occur. Repeating the learning at a later time** (Wait time) ** facilitates storage in long term memory. As mentioned above, over the few weeks of the lessons, the information will be repeated and built upon.

**__Verbalization__** - Added to list By explaining the significance of the results the students are more likely to understand the calculations and their purpose and thus store the knowledge in long term memory.

**__Context__** In using the environmental support of a computer the students are more likely to remember how to work with spreadsheets when they are at a computer with a spreadsheet on the screen.

**__Attention__** Attention will be maintained since the students are mimicking on their individual computers what is projected on the screen at the front of the room. If learning is to occur students must be attentive to what is being taught.

**__Levels of Processing__** Throughout the lesson students are asked to explain why they are performing a step or what is the significance of what they are doing. Students are much more likely to remember information when they are required to think about what they are doing.

**__Questioning strategies__** Strategies for Instruction include questioning, as it is central to __**meaningful learning**__ when students are asked to relate it to information they already know. __Asking questions:__ Establishes a purpose for the lesson Leads to deeper levels of processing. Example, do they simply know what was taught, or can they apply it to different situations. "When is a deal on a phone not a deal?" Improves comprehension by allowing learners to know when understanding breaks down Helps learner take responsibility for their own learning Helps learner predict and confirm Helps learner understand topics and lesson's intent Leads to group discussions Invites learner to justify, clarify, and add information to their thinking When students are asked to explain a concept during class the instructor will be certain to allow for a reasonable __**wait time**__ of at least 3 seconds to allow students to formulate an answer. Retrieval on knowledge takes time. This will give students the opportunity to think about the answer and more students are likely to participate in class discussion.

**__Assessment Strategies__** We will use assessment in which the learners are asked to perform real-world tasks ( such as choosing a phone and plan) and (applying Excel) that demonstrate meaningful application of the essential knowledge and skills taught in the lessons. By using a comprehensive assessment students will need to review what they have learned. In addition taking a test in and of itself is a review of the material learned. The repetition and review of the material spaced out over multiple lessons can lead to __**overlearning**__ which facilitates memory. It will also provide feedback to the students to let them know what they have learned correctly and what they need to revisit.

**__Visual Imagery__** We will use images of spreadsheets and graphs in order to help the learner understand the necessary steps in the lessons. Since people tend to remember information best when it is presented in both visual and verbal forms this should help with long term storage.

**__Advanced Organizers__** We will use a two-variable table as well as spreadsheets in order for the learners to organize the data and information they will get from the equations and formulas. Helping the students to interconnect the information will help them store the information more effectively.